Membrane bioreactors employing hollow fiber membranes have gained traction as a robust technology for diverse biotechnological applications. These systems provide distinct benefits such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article present

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These innovative systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate superior mass transfer, cellular growth, and product formation. This comprehensive review d